细胞生物学研究方法（Research methods in cell biology）.doc

细胞生物学研究方法（Research methods in cell biology） 1. give an example (3~5) to show the breakthrough of research methods and promote the development of cell biology. Answer: cell culture techniques,... Centrifugal separation technique,... Flow cytometry, flow cytometry,... Gene knockout technique,... Stem cell culture techniques,... 6...... 2. why is cell culture one of the most basic techniques in cell biology? 3. what method is used to track the synthesis and secretion of proteins in living cells? What steps are included? Answer: tracing the synthesis and secretion of certain proteins in living cells usually uses isotope tracer techniques. The basic steps are: 1 the radiolabeled amino acids (3H leucine) added to the cell culture medium, in a very short time so that these same chemical properties and corresponding amino acid labeled marker molecules into cells (called pulse labeling); the removal of medium and washing cells, then change to medium unlabeled amino acids in cultured cells, has entered the cell will be labeled amino acid protein synthesis system as raw materials by incorporation into a new protein synthesis; and every time out of a certain number of cells, using specific protein labeled probe microscope autoradiography at different time position. We can understand the dynamic process of protein synthesis and secretion in cells by comparing the electron microscope photos of cell samples at different time. 4. explanation of figure 2-3. Answer: two children vibrate together, the wave produced by a rope is similar to the wave formed by photon, photon and electron, so as to explain the interference of object size to wave. (a) the characteristic wavelength of two children vibrating strings generated; (b) to throw a ball in the rope wave or an object, if the diameter and wavelength in the object is similar to the rope, mobile will rope wave interference; (3) if thrown into a baseball or other objects is much smaller than the wavelength of rope. The mobile rope wave