有机化合物的鉴别（Identification of organic compounds）.docVIP

有机化合物的鉴别（Identification of organic compounds） In the process of drug production, research and testing, the separation, purification and identification of organic compounds are often encountered. The identification, separation and purification of organic compounds are three related and different concepts. The purpose of separation and purification is to obtain the pure substance from the mixture, but the requirements are different and the treatment methods are different. Separation is the separation of individual components in a mixture. In the process of separation, a component of the mixture is often converted into a new compound by chemical reaction, and then reduced to the original compound after separation. Purification of two kinds of situations, one is to be transformed into the desired compound impurities, another is the impurity by suitable chemical reaction into another compound (compound separated after separation without reduction). Identification is based on the different properties of the compounds to determine which functional groups they contain. What compounds are they?. If you identify a set of compounds, you can determine which compounds are each. It is important to note that not all the chemical properties of a compound can be used for identification, and that certain conditions must be met: (1) color change in chemical reactions (2) the process of chemical reaction is accompanied by obvious temperature change (exothermic or endothermic) (3) the product of the reaction is produced by gas (4) precipitation of reaction product or precipitation, dissolution and stratification of product during the reaction. The emphasis of this course is on the identification of compounds. In order to help people learn and remember, the identification methods of various organic compounds are summarized, and typical examples are analyzed. I. identification of various compounds 1. alkenes, alkynes and dienes: (1) bromine carbon tetrachloride solution, red leg go (2) Po