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第五章 特殊精馏
Separation Processes
Separation Processes
Chapter 5 Enhanced Distillation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Azeotropic Distillation
5.3 Extractive Distillation
Separation Processes
Separation Processes
5.1 Introduction
When two or more components differ in boiling point by less
than approximately 50℃and form a non-ideal liquid solution,
the relative volatility may be below 1.10. Then, ordinary
distillation may be uneconomic, and if an azeotrope forms even
impossible.
In that event, the following separation techniques, referred
to as Enhanced Distillation, such as Homogeneous Azeotropic
Distillation, Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation, Extractive
Distillation, Salt Distillation, Pressure-Swing Distillation,
Reactive Distillation, and so on, should be explored.
Separation Processes
Separation Processes
Homogeneous Azeotropic Distillation:
A method of separating a mixture by adding an entrainer that
forms a homogeneous minimum- or maximum-boiling azeotrope
with one or more feed component. The entrainer is added near
top of column, to the feed, or near the bottom of the column,
depending upon whether the azeotrope is removed from the top
or bottom.
Separation Processes
Separation Processes
Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation:
A more useful azeotropic distillation in which a minimum-boiling
heterogeneous azeotrope is formed by the entrainer. The
azeotrope splits into two liquid phases in the overhead
condensing system. One liquid phase is sent back to the column
as reflux, which the other liquid phase is sent to another
separation step or is a product.
Separation Processes
Separation Processes
Extractive Distillation:
A method that uses a large amount of a relatively high-boiling
solvent
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