柯老师课件-Nutrition and Brain Function20130418.pdfVIP

Nutrition and Brain Function Zun-Ji Ke Institute for Nutritional Sciences zjke@sibs.ac.cn April 18, 2013 Brain Facts The brain of adult humans (the brain weighs 1.4 kg ): weight: about 2% of body weight blood supply: about 20% of whole body it utilizes oxygen at a rate of approximately 1.5 μmol/(min g) of tissue. For an “average” man with a body weight of 70 kg, consumes 3.02 mol of oxygen in 24 h. each mole of oxygen generates 6 mol of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation the brain produces 18.12 mol, or 9.06 kg of ATP, in 24 h. 1. Nutrition and Functional Neurochemistry  Essential nutrients: vitamins; amino acids; fatty acids and trace nutrients.  Food and Nutrition alter mood and behavior.  One exposure to an adverse stimulus coupled with a particular food can cause a lifetime aversion to that food.  The neurochemical mechanisms of how diet alters brain function are beginning to be known. Kahn BB, Alquier T, Carling D, Hardie DG.AMP-activated protein kinase: ancient energy gauge provides clues to modern understanding of metabolism. Cell Metab. 2005 Jan;1(1):15-25. Unger RH. The hyperleptinemia of obesity-regulator of caloric surpluses. Cell. 2004 Apr 16;117(2):145-6. Areas of the Human Brain Activated in Response to Palatable Food or Food-Associated Cues. The orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala are thought to encode information related to the reward value of food. Kenny PJ. Reward mechanisms in obesity: new insights and future directions. Neuron. 2011;69(4):664-79. Circuit-Level Organization of Hedonic “Hot Spots” in Nucleus Accumbens Shell that Regulate Hedonic Eating The shell region of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) receives innervation from cortical and limbic brain sites and projects to the lateral hypothalamus and ventral pallidum. Kenny PJ. Reward mechanisms in obesity: new insi