遗传学（双语）徐吉臣-第08章.pdfVIP

Chapter 8 Quantitative genetics 8.1 Quantitative inheritance 8.2 Mapping quantitative traits loci 8.3 Statistics analysis of polygenic traits 8.4 Heritability 8.1 quantitative inheritance Quantitative traits Individuals in a population show the trait with continuous variation. The multiple-factor hypothesis: Many factors or genes contribute to the phenotype in a cumulative or quantitative way. Quantitative, or polygenic inheritance traits exhibiting continuous variation are most often controlled by two or more genes that provide an additive component to the phenotype that can be quantified. Example 1. Plant height Relative frequency of F2 individuals expressing continuous variation of height phenotypes Example 2 corolla length Selected F2 X F2 crosses, producing separate F3 generation a quantitative traits can produce substantial phenotypic variation Example 3 1：4 ：6；4 ：1 16种组合，两对基因？ Genotype: 9 types AABB X aabb When Phenotypes: 4 AaBb Qualitative dominant: 9:3:3:1 AABB(1) When Phenotypes: 5 AaBB(2), AABb (2) quantitative dominant 1:4:6:4:1 AAbb (1), aaBB(1), AaBb (4) Aabb (2), aaBb (2) aabb (1) Explanation based on Mendel’s rule • All alleles designed by uppercase letters are additive and contribute an equal amount of pigment to the phenotype • The multiple factor hypothesis accounts for the 1:4:6:4:1 phenotypic ratio of grain color with 2 paris of genes polygenic inheritance mode of crossing two heterozygoutes A B C 1 1/4 3 A=number of genes