遗传学（双语）徐吉臣-第11章.pdfVIP

Chapter 11 Transcription 11.1 Evidences for RNA as the intermediate molecules in the information flow 11.2 Transcription in Bacteria 11.3 Transcription in Eukaryotes 11.4 Special events 11.1 Evidences for RNA as the intermediate molecules in the information flow • RNA chemically similar to DNA • RNA is synthesized in the nucleus as DNA • Following synthesis, most RNA migrates to the cytoplasm • The amounts of RNA is generally proportional to the amount of protein in cell initial insights into the code • DNArRNAprotein 介导RNA特点： • unstable，以适应不同的环境 • Varied types and amounts，以满足蛋白质合成的需求 mRNA as the intermediate template phage and Bacteria, Francois Jacob and Jaques Monod in 1961 • mRNA unstableisolation and segregation • Varied types and amounts 11.2 Transcription in Bacteria RNA synthesis in vitro RNA polymerase was isolated from a rat liver by Samuel Weiss in 1959 DNA n(NTP) (NMP)n + n (PPi) RNA polymerase DNA (NMP)n + NTP (NMP)n+1 +PPi RNA polymerase Process of RNA transcription (1) RNA polymerase recognize and bind to promotor region of gene(-4020bp) RNA polymrase TTGACA TATAAT -35 -10 ATG (2) DNA helix denatured (3) Chain elongation: 5’-3’ direction Template strand, partner strand: 有义链、无义链 50bp/sec. at 37°C (4) Termination: δsubunit disassociated terminal signal: 40bp in prokaryotes termination factor (rho) terminal signal终止子 • 终止子位于已转录的序列中， DNA 的终止子可被 RNA 聚合酶 本身或其辅助因子识别。 • 所有原核生物的终止子在终止点之前都有一个回文结构，它转 录出来的RNA可以形成一个颈环式的发荚结构,分为以下两种： (1)不依赖于 ρ的终止子 （简单终止子）: 简单终止子具有发夹结 构，回文对称区通常有一段富含GC的序列；除外在终止点前有 一寡聚