马哲知识框架总结（Ma Zhe knowledge framework summary）.docVIP

马哲知识框架总结（Ma Zhe knowledge framework summary） Ma Zhe, a brief framework, Tai Yang finishing Publishing One Dialectical materialism - substance, consciousness and its dialectical relation, objective law and subjective initiative, and the principle of material unity of the world [all proceed from reality, subjective and objective, to achieve concrete historical unity and seek truth from facts] Two basic characteristics: universal connection and eternal development The three basic laws: the law of the unity of Opposites (the basic law of the development of things), the law of quantitative change and qualitative change, the law of negation of negation (the dialectical negative view) Dialectical analysis of materialist dialectics (the basic method of dialectics): the identity and struggle of contradiction, the universality and particularity of contradiction [adhere to dichotomy, concrete analysis of specific problems, and adhere to the unity of two points theory and focus theory] Five pairs of basic categories: phenomenon and essence, content and form, reason and result, possibility and reality, contingency and inevitability [with the viewpoint of connection development, look at problems and act according to objective laws Epistemology -- practice, cognition and its dialectical relation, the basic law of cognition (continuous, infinite development), truth and value [proceeding from reality, adhering to and developing truth, understanding the world and transforming the world] in practice.] Supplement: Persist in contradiction analysis (I) insist on dichotomy. Materialist dialectics holds that the relation of opposites and opposites in things itself is called contradiction. Contradictions are universal, that is, contradictions exist in all things, and are carried out in the process of development of things (that is, contradictions are everywhere, contradictions are not at all times.) Yes). At the same time, contradiction is objective, contradiction is inherent in everything