中六生物科教材.DOCVIP

Body defence 1 Primary immune response and secondary immune response 原發免疫反應和繼發免疫反應 Primary immune response 原發免疫反應： It is the response that is evoked when an antigen entered into the body for the first time. A few days after the invasion of the antigens (eg. bacteria), the number of T-cells greatly increases to combat the antigen. The cell-mediated immune response is being triggered, but is short lived. 它是病原體初次進入身體所引發的免疫反應，抗原(細菌)入侵身體後數天，T-細胞會增加以對抗抗原，細胞免疫反應被激發，但此種反應很短暫。 Secondary immune response繼發免疫反應： The memory cells produced in the primary immune response will remain in the circulation for a long time. If the antigen invades again, the number of T-cells will increase rapidly. The response is longer lasting, more rapid and effective, producing greater amounts of T cells. This is due to the presence of memory cells which can remember the pathogen. This response is called the secondary response. 在原發免疫反應過後會有記憶細胞存於血中一段時期，當抗原再次入侵，可加快T-細胞及抗體的產生，免疫反應更強烈及更持久，這是因為記憶細胞可記住病原體，此種反應名為繼發免疫反應。 The importance of secondary immune response in diseases prevention : 繼發免疫反應的重要性： Because of the production of memory cells, people can be immunized against certain disease such as polio and measles. 因為記憶細胞可記住病原體，人類可在某些疾病獲得免疫力，例如小兒麻庳及麻疹。 The functions of immune system : 免疫系統的功能： The functions of the immune system are to recognize, respond to and eliminate foreign substances entering the body or arising in the body. 免疫系統可識別外物、對外物作出反應以致最終將它排除，阻止它們進入身體或在身體內出現。 2 Types of immunity 免疫的種類 There are two basic types of immunity, passive immunity and active immunity. 免疫的種類基本有兩種：被動免疫和主動免疫 1. Passive immunity is the passing of the antibodies into an individual in some way rather than being produced by the individual himself, eg. antibodies can pass across the placenta froma mother to her foetus, or are passed to the newborn body in the mother’s milk. 被動免疫是抗體非由個體自己產生，而是用某種方法輸入體內，例如透過胎盤將抗體從母體傳給胎兒，或透過母乳傳給初生嬰兒。 It may be acquired artificially by injection of antibodies from other individual. eg. in