电气工程专业英语CHAPTER 3 Brief Introduction to Power System.pdfVIP

CHAPTER 3 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO POWER SYSTEM 3-1 Major Components and Typical Layout In most situations the load is not directly connected to the generator terminals. More commonly the load is some distance from the generator, requiring a transmission line to connect them. Generally the power is generated at the generation stations at 10.5kV. It is not economical to transmit the huge power at this voltage and hence it is stepped up to transmission levels by a unit transformer. And at the other end of the transmission line, a substation transformer steps the voltage down from transmission levels to distribution levels. Finally, the distribution transformer takes the distribution voltage and steps it down to the final voltage at which the power is actually used. So, an electric power system from generation to consumption of electric energy consists of generators, transformers, transmission lines, some other equipment and loads. A particular system design depends on the manner in which load grows in the area and may be rearranged from time to time. However, there are three typical system layouts: the radial system, the loop system, and the network system. In the radial system, the lines form a ‘tree’ spreading out from a generation source or from a substation. Opening any line results in interruption of power to one or more of the loads. With the loop system, all loads may be served even though one line section is removed from service. In some instances during normal operation, the loop may be open at some point. And in the network arrangement each load has two or more circuits over which it