课件04-微生物营养和生长计数.pptVIP

Trace Elements Microbes require very small amounts of other mineral elements, such as Cu, Mo, Zn,Co,Ni,Mn; these are referred to as trace elements. Most are essential for activity of certain enzymes, usually as cofactors. 微生物的培养基 (NH4)2SO4, 1000; MgSO4·7H2O, 200; CaCl2·2H2O, 100; and trace elements made up of FeSO4·7H2O, 12; MnSO4·H2O, 3; ZnSO4·7H2O, 3; CoSO4·7H2O, 1; (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O, 1). Chemostat used for continuous cultures. Rate of growth can be controlled either by controlling the rate at which new medium enters the growth chamber or by limiting a required growth factor in the medium. Continuous culture of microorganisms Chemostat 影响微生物生长的环境因素 1、温 度 微生物生长最旺盛时的温度叫最适生长温度 在最适生长温度范围内 微生物的生长速率随温度的上升而加快 超过最适生长温度以后 微生物细胞内的蛋白质和核酸等发生了不可逆的破坏，生长速率会急剧下降。 Bacteria grow over a range of temperatures; they do not reproduce below the minimum growth temperature nor above the maximum growth temperature. Within the temperature growth range there is an optimum growth temperature at which bacterial reproduction is fastest. Effect of temperature on bacterial growth rate Microorganisms are classified as psychrophiles(嗜冷菌), mesophiles.thermophiles, and extremethemophiles based on their optimal growth temperature. 影响微生物生长的环境因素 2、pH 每种微生物的最适pH不同 多数细菌：6.5～7.5；真菌：5.0～6.0；放线菌：7.5-8.5。 超过最适pH范围以后 影响酶的活性，细胞膜的稳定性等，从而影响微生物对营养物质的吸收等。 Effect of pH value on microbial growth Bacteria: Neutral condition Fungi: Acidic condition Actinomycetes: Alkaline condition 影响微生物生长的环境因素 3、氧 好氧型微生物 厌氧型微生物 严格厌氧 兼性厌氧微生物 多种细菌和大多数真菌 某些链球菌等 某些产甲烷杆菌 酵母菌等 Effect of oxygen concentration – reduction potential Effect of oxygen concentration on the growth of various bacteria in tubes of solid medium (a) Obligate aerobes-growth occurs only in the short distance to which the oxygen diffuses into the medium. (b) Facultative anaerobes growth is best near the surface, where oxygen is available, but occurs throughout the tube. (c) Obligate anaerobes - oxygen is toxic, and there is no growth near the s