盐碱地改良论文.docVIP

国内盐碱地改良技术浅谈 On the domestic saline improved technologies 王康 （沈阳农业大学 08级农业水利工程专业1班，沈阳） 中文摘要：盐碱地（alinatefilds)是盐类集积的一个种类，是指土壤里面所含的盐分影响到作物的正常生长。盐渍土广泛分布于世界干旱地区及沿海平原随着科技的进步与发展,以及人们对盐碱土改良认识的不断提高,生物措施改良受到各国的普遍重视,其应用也越来越广。国家对治理盐碱土壤很重视我国“九五”规划把改良利用盐碱地,培育耐盐植物新品种列为“863”高科技重大攻关项目。综述了盐碱地改良,介绍了利用生物措施改良盐碱地ummary：Saline-alkali soil is one form of salty accumulation,which means the salinity in the soil have a impact on the natural growth of crops.Saline-alkali soil is widely distributed in the arid area and coastal plain area, With the advancement and development of science and technology, as well as the growing awareness of reclamation of saline-alkali soil,biological measures for the reclamation have been universally acknowledged and been applied more and more widely. Our country values greatly the management of saline-alkali soil,listed the reclamation and utilization of saline-alkali soil and cultivation of salt-tolerant new crops as 863 hi-tech significant research in our countrys 95plan. This paper reviews the concept of saline, causes, domestic and international emphasis on saline-alkali soil improvement, development and prospects, describes the importance and the use of saline water improvement measures, agricultural measures, biological measures, chemical measures such as reclamation methods and saline practical conditions and limitations. Keyword: Saline; ameliorate; Saline-alkali soil; Form factor ; Control measures ; Water conservation measures; agricultural practices ;Biotechnology; Chemical measures 1 盐碱地(alinatefilds)概念 盐碱地是盐类集积的一个种类，是指土壤里面所含的盐分影响到作物的正常生长。 盐碱土是盐土和碱土的总称。盐土主要指含氯化物或硫酸盐较高的盐渍化土壤，土壤呈碱性，但pH值不一定很高。碱土是指含碳酸盐或重磷酸盐的土壤，pH值较高，土壤呈碱性，盐碱土的有机质含量少，土壤肥力低，理化性状差，对作物有害的阴、阳离子多，作物不易促苗。 盐碱化是指再干旱地区由于蒸发两很大,土壤水分中所含有的盐分在地表逐渐积累形成的土壤中盐粉含量过高,甚至表层覆盖了一层盐分的现象次生盐碱化主要是由于人类不合理的漫灌,使底下水位上升,地下水顺着毛管可以上升到地表,随着水分的蒸发,从而造成土壤中盐粉积累的现象saline-alkali soil）的形成因素 盐碱土的形成原因：各种盐碱土都是在一定的自然条件下形成的，其形成的实质主要是各种易溶性盐类在地面作水平方向与垂直方向的重新分配，从而使盐分在集盐地区的土壤表层逐渐积聚起来。影响盐碱土形成的主要因素有：气候条件在我国东北、西北、华北的干旱、半干旱地区，降水量小，蒸发量大，溶解在水