中考重点介词解析与练习.pptxVIP

中考重点介词解析及练习介词的功能 介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可及名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。 1, The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语) 2, The girl will be back in two hours. (状语) 3, Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语) 4, Help yourself to some fish.(宾语补足语) 表示方位的介词：in, to, on1.in表示在某地范围之内。e.g. Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 2.to表示在某地范围之外。e.g. Japan is/lies to the east of China.3.on表示及某地相邻或接壤。e.g. Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. l表示地点的介词　 (1) at, in, on　　at一般指小地方； in一般指大地方或某个范围之内； on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。　e.g. He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. They arrived at a small village before dark. There is a big hole in the wall. The teacher put up a picture on the wall.　 (2) over, above, on　 over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方， on指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。 e.g. There is a bridge over the river. We flew above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.　 3）across, through across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边” . across表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。 through表示动作是在三维空间进行。 　e.g. The dog ran across the grass. The boy swam across the river. They walked through the forest. I pushed through the crowds. 4) in front of, in the front of　 in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”， 在某个范围以外。 in the front of 表示“在……的前部”， 在某个范围以内。e.g. 　There are some tall trees in front of the building.　The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. 表示计量的介词：at, for, by1.at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。e.g. It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour. I sold my car at a high price.2.for表示“用……交换，以……为代价”。e.g. He sold his car for 500 dollars. 注意：at表示单价(price)，for表示总钱数。　　 3.by表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。e.g. They paid him by the month. Here eggs are sold by weight. 表示材料的介词：of, from, in 1.of成品仍可看出原料。e.g. This box is made of paper. 2.from成品已看不出原料。e.g. Wine is made from grapes. 3.in表示用某种材料或语言。e.g. Please fill in the form in pencil first. They talk in English.注意：in指用材料，不用冠词； 而with指用工具，要用冠词。 表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on1.by用某种方式，多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽车，by e-mail. 注意：表示搭乘交通工具时，用by时不用冠词，用in时要用冠词。e.g. I went there by bus/in a bus. 注意