应知应会内容学生复习用(化学)（Should know the content should be reviewed by students (Chemistry)）.docVIP

应知应会内容学生复习用(化学)（Should know the content should be reviewed by students (Chemistry)） I. composition of matter 1. molecules, atoms, elements: (1) the smallest particles that retain the chemical properties of matter are molecules, including oxygen molecules in air, liquid oxygen, and oxygen. (2) the smallest particle in a chemical change is an atom. (3) the essential difference between a molecule and an atom is that in a chemical change, molecules can be divided and atoms are not separable. (4) the composition of matter says that the element, such as water, is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. (5) the constitution of matter says that an atom, such as a water molecule, is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. (6) the number of protons (or the number of nuclear charges) that determines the type of element. (7) the difference between one element and another is that the proton number is different. (8) determining the chemical properties of the element is the outermost electron number. (9) determining the relative atomic mass is proton number + neutron number. (10) the atomic number is equal to the number of nuclear charges (proton number) (11) atoms and ions of the same species contain the same number of protons. (12) the number of oxygen atoms in each molecule of CO2 and SO2 is the same. (13) H2, H2O and H2SO4 all contain the same hydrogen elements. (14) the particles that make up matter have molecules, atoms, ions. Water is made up of water molecules, iron is made of iron atoms, and sodium chloride is made up of sodium ions and chlorine ions. (15) +2 (+2) represents the +2 valence of magnesium, and Mg2+ represents magnesium ions with two units of positive charge. H2 states that each hydrogen molecule contains two hydrogen atoms. Fe2+ represents a ferrous ion, in which the 2+ represents a positive charge of two units of ferrous ion. 2. classification and change of matter: Organic matter: a compound containing carbon. Such as: methane, formaldehyde, ethanol, ac