生产要素禀赋与比较优势（Factor endowment and comparative advantage）.doc

生产要素禀赋与比较优势（Factor endowment and comparative advantage） The following is part of the courseware content: The second chapter, classical international trade theory Section 1 absolute cost theory First, the emergence of Adam Simys absolute cost theory Two, the main content of the theory of absolute advantage If a country is more efficient relative to another country in the production of a commodity, it is said that the country has an absolute advantage over the product. Absolute advantage can be measured by labor productivity or production costs. If a country produces less of the work needed to produce a unit, or the unit produces more work, it shows that the country has an absolute advantage in producing this product. Smiths absolute advantage theory holds that the reason and foundation of international trade and international division of labor is the absolute difference between labor productivity and production costs. Countries should focus on producing and exporting their products with absolute advantages of labor productivity and production costs and importing products that do not have absolute advantages. Both sides of the trade will benefit from the transaction. Graphic analysis of the theory of absolute advantage Three, the evaluation of the theory of absolute advantage The second section is the theory of comparative advantage First, the historical background of the theory of comparative advantage L Ricardo is the era of rapid development of the British Industrial Revolution era, when the main contradictions of British society is the contradiction between industrial bourgeoisie and the landlord of the aristocracy, in the economy, the contradiction between the focus on the abolition of the corn laws. L Ricardo believes that the corn law must be abolished and free trade should be carried out and proved theoretically. In 1846, the British Parliament passed the repeal of the corn act. Two, the main content of the theory of comparative advantage (1) the basic proposi