内存单元 字节对齐（Memory cell byte alignment）.docVIP

内存单元 字节对齐（Memory cell byte alignment） memory alignment There are two principles for computing structs size: #pragma pack (n) N is the number of aligned bytes for the compiler (1) struct members in accordance with the alignment principle: in the current variable (a) memory allocation, reference to offset all variables before and (D, d) must be min (n, sizeof (a)) of the times, otherwise the compiler automatically at the end of the missing the number of words. (2) after the completion of the distribution of all the variables, but also compare the current share memory (c) and struct in the maximum length of variable length (b), C must be a multiple of B, otherwise the compiler will at the end of the missing bytes. Two.Union The length of the union depends on the length of the member variable in which the length is the maximum. That is, the member variables in union are overlapped and the start addresses are the same. A good article about alignment is as follows: Mark roughly one or two: 1. memory alignment: the computer system is limited to the basic types of data stored in the memory location, they will require these data the first address value is a number k (usually it is 4 or 8 times) the K is called the alignment modulus data types (alignment modulus) 2., the default number of bytes aligned by different compilers is different. For example, vc==8, gcc==4 can be modified by #progma pack (n), and the compiler must pay attention to the difference between compilers when analyzing programs 3. a structure that is aligned with the largest data member of alignment modulus, over the maximum number of bytes aligned by the compiler, and the maximum byte aligned by the compiler The 4.double type in VC alignment modulus = = 8, and in GCC due to the default number of the largest alignment is 4, if not set, alignment modulus = = 4 5. because there is no space between the elements of the array, so {int a; char b;} This situation, by default, also takes 8 bytes in VC Text reads as