口腔生物化学0101（Oral Biochemistry 0101）.docVIP

口腔生物化学0101（Oral Biochemistry 0101） Outline requirements: 1. molecular composition of proteins: (1) element composition (2) basic unit 2. molecular structure of protein (1) peptide and peptide (2) primary structure (3) two stage structure - alpha helix (4) three and four structural concepts; 3. the physical and chemical properties of proteins (1) isoelectric point; (2) precipitation; (3) degeneration; Proteins are the basic components of organisms, the material basis of our life activities, and all kinds of life activities carried out by organisms are performed by proteins. I. The elemental composition of proteins As biological macromolecules, proteins all contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen; most proteins containing sulfur; some proteins containing phosphorus; a few also contains iron, copper, manganese, zinc and other metal elements; individual proteins containing iodine. Among these elements, one element is more specific, nitrogen, and it is found that the nitrogen content of various proteins is constant, with an average of 16%. That is, 1g nitrogen is equivalent to 6.25g protein. Since proteins are the major nitrogenous compounds in the body, as long as the amount of nitrogen in biological samples is measured, the approximate amount of protein in the sample can be calculated by pressing. Nitrogen content per gram of sample * 6.25 = protein content per gram sample This is the basis for Kjeldahl determination of protein content Non protein nitrogen acts as protein nitrogen (melamine) Two, the basic unit of protein - amino acids Proteins are polymers that can be hydrolyzed by acids, bases, or proteases. It is found that the final product of protein hydrolysis is amino acid, so the basic unit of protein is amino acid. There are more than 300 kinds of amino acids in nature, but only 20 kinds of amino acids that constitute human proteins. (1) the general structural formula of amino acids: 20 amino acids have a common characteristic in chemical structure, that