Unit 3 Under the sea 语法案 导学案.docVIP

Unit 3 Under the sea 语法案 导学案 一 学习目标： 1 掌握v-ing 的被动形式,并会熟练运用(重点) 2 能正确说出v-ing在句中所做的成分。 二 学习内容：v-ing 的被动形式 V-ing 形式由 “do＋ing” 构成,其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。 自主学习 现在分词的用法 一、现在分词可在句中作定语、表语、补足语和状语。 1.??作定语 现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前: ?This?is?a?pressing?question. 这是一个紧迫的问题。 ?He?asked?an?embarrassing?question.?他提了一个令人难堪的问题。 ?现在分词亦可置于它所修饰的名词之后: ?There?were?no?soldiers?drilling. ?现在分词短语一般皆置于其修饰的名词之后: ?A?little?child?learning?to?walk?often?falls. ?The?men?working?here?are?all?from?the?rural?areas. 2.?现在分词用作状语 ?现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看,也可用作状语,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语动词之前或之后,?也可能与谓语动的动作同时发生。(句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语) ?(1)表示时间 ?Climbing?to?the?top?of?the?tower,?we?saw?a?magnificent?view. ?Walking along the street, she saw a little girl running up to her. 强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,?现在分词之前可用连词when或while: When?leaving?the?airport,?they?waved?again?and?again?to?us. While watching TV in the room, I heard someone knocking at the door. (2)表示原因 Being?sick,?I?stayed?at?home. Knowing that he was tired, I told him to have a rest. (3)表示条件 ?Adopting?this?method,?we?will?raise?the?average?yield?by?40?percent. ?Turning?to?the?right,?you?will?find?a?path?leading?to?his?cottage. (4)表示让步 Admitting?what?she?has?said,?I?still?think?that?she?hasnt?tried?her?best. (5)表示结果 It?rained?heavily,?causing?severe?flooding?in?that?country. It?rained?for?two?weeks?on?end,?completely?ruining?our?holiday. (6)表示方式或伴随情况 ?He?ran?up?to?her?breathing?heavily.? Please?fill?in?the?form,?giving?your?name,?address,?etc. 现在分词的完成形式：现在分词的完成形式主要用在状语中,表示动作在谓语动作之前 Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide. Not having done the work well, we decided to try again. 注：在独立结构中,也可以用现在分词的完成形式,如： His comrades having all left for the front, he didn’t want to stay in the rear. 二、现在分词的被动形式 1. 动词-ing的被动式的构成 (1)一般被动式：being+过去分词 (2)完成被动式：having been+过去分词 2.动词-ing的被动式的用法??? (1)动词-ing的一般被动式表示与其逻辑主语为被动关系;作主语和宾语时无固定的时态意义,作定语和补足语时表示正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生。 (2)动词-ing的完成被动式表示与其逻辑主语为被动关系,也表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。 3.动词 -ing的被动式的句