生物分离工程5离心08pptConvertor.doc

生物分离工程  离 心Centrifugation The first step in most industrial bioseparations is the removal of insoluble solids from the fermentation beer. The concentration and size of these in solubles varies widely. 大部分工业生物分离的第一步往往是将不溶物质从发酵液中除去。这些不溶性固体的浓度和颗粒大小的变化范围很宽。 The concentration can be as high as 60% per volume or as low as 0.1%. 浓度可高达每单位体积含60%的不溶性固体，又可低至每单位体积仅含0.1%。 The size ranges from microorganisms of perhaps 1 um diameter up to insoluble nutrients characteristically 1mm in diameter. 粒径的变化可以从直径约为1um的微生物，到直径为1mm的不溶性物质。 When these insolubles are dilute, large rigid, they can be easily separated by filtration. In the previous chapter, we described filtration, including the use of filter aids. For many beers, these filter aids facilitate filtration. For other beers, filter aids are ineffective. 对于这些浓度较小，粒径较大，硬度较强的不溶物，，我们可以采用过滤方法分离。在前一章中，我们讲述了过滤法，包括助滤剂的应用。有些发酵液中，使用助滤剂有利于过滤分离，而还有一些发酵液则不行。 When the beers are not easily filtered, they sometimes can be separated by centrifugation. 当发酵液不易被过滤纯化时，我们可以采用离心的方法来分离。 Centrifugation requires more expensive equipment than filtration. However, it is often effective way even when the solid particles are small hence hard to filter. 与过滤设备相比，离心设备价格昂贵。但当固体颗粒细小而难以过滤时，离心操作往往显得十分有效。 Centrifugation utilizes the density difference between the solids and the surrounding fluid. When a suspension is allowed to stand, the denser solids slowly settle to the bottom of the container under the influence of gravity, a process called sedimentation. When this settling is accelerated with a centrifugal field, the process is called centrifugation. Because sedimentation centrifugation are similar, both are discussed here. 离心分离是基于固体颗粒和周围液体密度存在差异，在离心场中使不同密度的固体颗粒加速沉降的分离过程，当静置悬浮液时，密度较大的固体颗粒在重力作用下逐渐下沉，这一过程称为沉降。由于沉降和离心相似，这儿就放在一块讨论。 The solid concentrate produced by centrifugation differs from that produced by filtration. 离心产生的固体浓缩物和过滤产生的浓缩不同。 A best centrifugation produces a paste, often it yields only a more concentrated su