中国水价政策改革实证研究_马中.pdf

Empirical Research on Water Pricing Policy in China 中国水价政策改革实证研究∗ MA Zhong ZHOU Fang GUO Qingbin School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China 马中 周芳 郭清斌 中国人民大学 环境学院 Abstract According to frequent water pollution incidents as well as many problems of water pricing policies in China, this study put forward basic principles of water pricing policies and pricing method setting standards based on non-degradation of environment. Taking H City as a case, the economic and environmental benefits of water pricing reforms were analyzed, which wasto provide a reference for reformation and improvement of water pricing policies. The results demonstrated that wastewater discharge standard and water prices should both guarantee that the quality of the water environment would not degraded; Basic principles of water pricing policies included non-degradation of environment, full-cost pricing and separation of public and commercial services; This pricing method had significant economic and environmental benefits, the revenues of water price would increased 3.71-7.66 billion RMB and reduce 5.7-8.9 thousand tons of ammonia emissions in H city, indicating that water pricing reformation were conducive to achieving its objectives, and both the government and industrial enterprises could withstand; Supervision and management of water pricing policies should be strengthened, otherwise no matter how well designed the policies, normally on paper; Water pricing should be decentralized to local governments with the macro-guidance of central government. Key word: water pricing policies; non-deg