天然气脱汞装置设计的思考与建议.docVIP

天然气脱汞装置设计的思考与建议 段世文 中石化石油工程设计有限公司 摘要 天然气脱汞常采用化学吸附法，对比分析该方法中常用脱汞剂的特性、优缺点及适用范围，表明金属硫化物脱汞剂的脱汞能力更强、适用范围更广。对天然气处理流程中脱汞装置设置位置进行分析，认为采用工艺前端脱汞可以从源头降低汞所带来的危害，具有更好的应用前景，并推荐采用双塔串联吸附流程，以便充分利用脱汞剂的吸附容量。依据汞在天然气处理流程中的分布情况，提出天然气脱汞限值应以处理过程所产生的排放气和商品外输气汞含量符合相关规定为原则进行确定，参照相关规范及理论计算，天然气脱汞装置脱汞限值μg/m3进行设计可以满足生产要求Consideration and suggestion on design of mercury removal equipment Abstract: Chemisorption?method is usually used for removing the mercury in natural gas. The characteristics, advantages disadvantages and applicability of adsorbents used for mercury removal are compared and analyzed. The analysis showes that the metal sulfide adsorbent has stronger adsorptive capacity and wider application scope. The locations for mercury removal equipment in the natural gas treatment process are compared and analyzed.Through the result, removing mercury in the process front can reduce the harm of mercury at source, and has better application prospect. Meanwhile, twin tower in series for adsorption is recommended, in order to make full use of the adsorption capacity of mercury removal adsorbent. According to mercury distribution in the natural gas treatment process, the mercury limit value of natural gas should be determined by the principle that the mercury content in the exhaust gas and the commercial gas must be in accordance with the relevant regulations. According to the calculation with the relevant standards and theoretical. The natural gas mercury removal equipment designed according to mercury limit value of 28μg/m3 can meet the requirement of production. Keywords: Natural gas; Chemisorption?method; Mercury removal adsorbent; Mercury removal tower; Limited value; Suggestion 1 引言 根据国内气田的开发情况，位于东北、新疆、南海的部分气田天然气汞含量较高，数量级一般为10~102μg/m3，甚至更高，例如东北某气田的汞含量高达1200μg/m3。天然气中的汞主要以单质形式存在，有机汞相对较少[1,2]。汞及其化合物具有毒性，当浓度达到一定的限值，会对环境造成重大影响并危害人体健康，同时汞还具有腐蚀性，特别对铝制设备腐蚀性最强[1,2-7]。天然气中的汞会随着天然气处理流程排放到大气及污水中，造成环境污染，或者在设备及管道的低点聚集造成设备腐蚀，甚至酿成重大事故。 2 天然气脱汞方法 目前，国内外天然气脱汞的方法包括化学吸附法、溶液吸收法、低温分离法、阴离子树脂法和膜分离法[1,3]，在国内气田