第七讲 词法和句法的差异.pptVIP

第七讲 词法和句法的差异  教学目的 主要了解英汉句子构成的差异，学会基本的转换方法。 1. 词的搭配 ( matching of words) （1） Cut wheat / cut cake/ cut finger-nails （2）炉子着得很旺 The fire is burning briskly in the stove. 她着凉了 She has caught cold. 你猜着了 You have guessed right. 老李躺下就着了 Lao Li fell asleep as soon as he lay down. 他走错了一着 He has made a false move./ take a wrong step 这些孩子穿着整齐。 These children are all neatly dressed. 这些措施都着眼于进一步解放生产力。 All these measures are aimed to further emancipating the productive forces (3) Some Americans pop across the border simply to fuel up on flavorful Mexican food and beer fuel up on: 加燃料于… 一些美国人越过国境线，只是为了吃些可口的墨西哥食物，喝点美味的墨西哥啤酒。 2. 词在句子中的位置（Order of words in the sentence），以副词为例。 (1) .The cruel murder of the patriots has understandably aroused worldwide indignation. 残酷杀害爱国志士激起了全世界人民的义愤，这是可以理解的。 (2). He also concluded that insight into prehistoric cultures should ideally proceed from knowledge of living cultures. 他还得出这样的结论：要对史前各种文化有深刻的认识，应从了解现存的种种文化着手，这是最理想的方法。 (3). A certain number of characteristic errors have been pointed out by linguists and can be usefully recalled at this point. 语言学家已指出一定数量的典型错误，如今回顾一下，不无裨益。 3. 句序（sentence order） (1)．汉语按照时间先后。 I went out for a walk, after I had my dinner. The “purely spoken ”examples need to be written down before it is possible to examine them in detail. 那些纯粹口头的例子需要先写下来，然后才可能加以仔细研究。 The government would wait a month or two before deciding their next move. 政府将在一两个月后再做出下一步的行动。 (2)．英语复合句--------------汉语简单句 While we were operating the machine tools, we were very careful. 我们在操纵机床时非常小心。 I have no idea when my Denis will be back? Who made the cake is unknown. (3). 英语复合句--------------汉语复合句 It worries her mother much that her daughter often stays up so late. 女儿经常熬夜，这让妈妈很担心。 4）被动----------主动 She did not wish to be troubled . Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion. 防腐的新措施已引起了关注。 4. 英语句子结构转换： (1)．英语简单句------------汉语复合句 His superior grades at high school enabled him to enroll at the tuition-free College of the