新型bt杀虫蛋白vips研究进展及其应用孙佳琦摘要苏云金芽孢杆菌.docVIP

新型Bt杀虫蛋白：VIPs研究进展及其应用 孙佳琦 摘要：苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis，简称Bt）是目前应用最多的生物杀虫剂。营养期杀虫蛋白(vegetative insectcidal protein，VIP)是由苏云金芽孢杆菌在营养生长指数中期至稳定期期间分泌产生的一类新型杀虫因子。VIP根据蛋白质序列同源性主要分为三类：VIP1、VIP2和VIP3。VIP1和VIP2共同构成二元毒素对鞘翅目萤叶甲科昆虫具有特异性毒杀作用，VIP3对鳞翅目害虫具有很高的杀虫活性。Vip3A蛋白杀虫机理与ICPs 不同，并且Vip3A蛋白与不同Bt杀虫晶体蛋白具有协同增效作用，这为筛选新的杀虫基因、构建特异高毒力工程菌和转基因抗虫植物以及杀虫分子机理等基础研究提供了新的思路。 关键词：苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt），营养期杀虫蛋白，Vip3A基因 Research advances on novel insecticidal protein VIPs from Bacillus thurigiensis and their Application Sun Jiaqi Abstract: Bacillus thurigiensis (hereinafter, Bt for short) is a bacteria that would be the most widely used as biological insecticides. Vegetative insecticidal proteins(VIPs) are a kind of novel toxic proteins, which are generated and excreted by Bacillus thuringiensis(BT) cells during growth from the mid-exponential phase to the stationary phase. VIPs are classified into three types , VIP1, VIP2 and VIP3, based on the homology of amino acid sequence. It is clear that VIP1 and VIP2 have specific toxicity to coleopteran insects by functioned as the binary toxin, and that VIP3 has high insecticidal activity to Lepidoptera insects. The insecticidal mechanism of Vip3A is different from Cry proteins, moreover, the synergism between Vip3A and various insecticidal crystal proteins is quite prominent. Three advances can be used contribute to find new insecticidal gene and to construct high-effect and wide-spectrum engineered strain and transgenic plant, and they are useful to study the insecticidal mechanism of Vip3A. Key words: Bacillus thurigiensis; vegetative insecticidal protein; Vip3A gene 1 ICP与VIP杀虫蛋白 众所周知，作为微生物杀虫剂，苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis，简称Bt )是迄今为止应用最广泛最安全的革兰氏阳性细菌,目前世界上已经分离到Bt菌株六万多株[1]。百年来的研究表明，Bt杀虫的主要活性物质是杀虫晶体蛋白(insecticidal crystal proteins，ICPs)，这种杀虫活性物质对鳞翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目等五百多种昆虫及线虫等原生动物有毒杀活[2]。近二十年来，编码这种杀虫晶体蛋白的基因已经成功应用于植物基因工程，培育出转基因抗虫植物，如转Bt基因抗虫棉，并在生产上大规模的应用。然而，在实际应用中有些重要的农作物害虫(如小地老虎、茶尺蠖)对ICPs并不十分敏感。另外，随着Bt制剂的长期广泛应用，已在田间检测到抗性小菜蛾的品种出现[3,4]，且实验室条件下也已筛选到印度谷螟[5]、棉铃虫[6,7]及欧洲玉米螟[