剖析生产管理介绍.pptVIP

Analysis of Trade-Offs Decision on the amount of inventory to stock Increased cost of holding inventory vs. Level of customer service Systems Approach “The whole is greater than the sum of the parts.” Suboptimization Pareto Phenomenon A few factors account for a high percentage of the occurrence of some event(s). 80–20 Rule: 80% of problems are caused by 20% of the activities. How do we identify the vital few? Ethical Issues Financial statements Worker safety Product safety Quality Environment Community Hiring/firing workers Closing facilities Worker’s rights Business Operations Overlap Operations Finance Figure 1.5 Marketing Operations Interfaces Operations Personnel/ Human resources MIS Legal Public Relations Accounting Figure 1.6 Historical Summary of Operations Management Industrial revolution (1770s) Scientific management (1911) Mass production Interchangeable parts Division of labor Human relations movement (1920–60) Decision models (1915, 1960–’70s) Influence of Japanese manufacturers Trends in Business Major trends The Internet, e-commerce, e-business Management technology Globalization Management of supply chains Outsourcing Agility Ethical behavior Management Technology Technology: The application of scientific discoveries to the development and improvement of goods and services Product and service technology Process technology Information technology Suppliers’ Suppliers DirectSuppliers Producer Distributor Final Consumer Simple Product Supply Chain Figure 1.7 Supply Chain: A sequence of activities And organizations involved in producing And delivering a good or service Stage of Production Value Added Value of Product Farmer produces and harvests wheat $0.15 $0.25 Wheat transported to mill $0.08 $0.33 Mill produces flour $0.15 $0.48 Flour transported to baker $0.08 $0.56 Baker produces bread $0.54 $1.00 Bread transported to grocery store $0.08 $1.08 Grocery store displays and sells bread $0.21 $1.29 Total Value-Added $1.29 A Supply Chain for Brea