apposit和iveclause.pptVIP

Lecture 5 Appositive Clause Definition 同位语: 一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers. 限制性同位语：它和前面的名词（代词）关系比较紧密，中间无逗号隔开。 My aunt Lena is staying with me. 非限制性同位语：它和前面名词关系比较松散，中间常有逗号隔开。 This is Professor Baker, head of our department. 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。 同位语从句是名词性从句中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。 Usage 可以跟同位语从句的名词(先行词）通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。 英语中中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how, when, where等。 if, which 不能引导同位语从句 同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式 引导同位语从句的that不能省略 (主语从句that不能省略，宾语从句和表语从句可以省略） 在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 。 　There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. Sentence Examples 1: There was no doubt that he was a fine scholar. 2: We received a message that he would be absent. 3: He came to see her in the belief that he will be welcome. 4: I give my guarantee that he will support the idea. 5: I’ve come to the conclusion that it won’t be wise to do so. 6: The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery. 7: You have no idea why she left. 8: There is some doubt whether John will come on time. Other Usage 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句 　1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语） ?? 2).I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。（which作定语） 3).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主语） 　同位语从句与定语从句的不同 1：意义不同：同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来。 We are glad at the news that he will come. We are g