asepsis和无菌操作.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Figure 31-1 The chain of infection. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Figure 1-2 Harriet Tubman (1820–1913) was known as “The Moses of Her People” for her work with the Underground Railroad. During the Civil War (1861–1865), she nursed the sick and suffering of her own race. (CORBIS Images) Figure 1-3 Sojourner Truth (1797–1883), abolitionist, Underground Railroad agent, preacher, and women’s rights advocate, was a nurse for over 4 years during the Civil War and worked as a nurse and counselor for the Freedmen’s Relief Association after the war. (Randall Studio (1805-1875) Sojourner Truth (c. 1797-18--), abolitionist. Copyright 1870. Photograph, Albumen Silver Print. Copyright National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution/Art Resources, NY.) Figure 1-4 Dorothea Dix (1802–1887) was the Union’s Superintendent of Female Nurses during the Civil War. (CORBIS Images) Figure 1-9 Considered the founder of modern nursing, Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) was influential in developing nursing education, practice, and administration. Her publication, Notes on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not, first published in England in 1859 and in the United States in 1860, was intended for all women. (Bettman/CORBIS). Figure 1-10 Clara Barton (1812–1912) organized the American Red Cross, which linked with the International Red Cross when the U.S. Congress ratified the Geneva Convention in 1882. * A knee-lever faucet control. A foot-pedal faucet control. * Interlacing the fingers during hand washing. Using a paper towel to grasp the handle of a hand-operated faucet. The hands are held higher than the elbows during a hand wash before sterile technique. * Overlapping the gown at the back to cover the nurse’s uniform. A facemask and eye protection covering the nose, mouth, and eyes. Plucking the palmar surface below the cuff of a contaminated glove. * Inserting fingers to remove the second contaminated glove. Holding contaminated gloves, wh