遗传学与分与子生物学系.ppt

遗传学与分子生物学系 Lecture I: Introduction Of Molecular Biology Definition, Goal and Scope Fundamentals A brief history Methodology of Molecular Biology Role in Medical sciences prospective 遗传学与分子生物学系 Molecular medicine  Molecular immunology Molecular pharmacology Molecular pathology Molecular entomology Molucular Microbiology Molecular taxanomy Molecular biomathmatics Bioinformatics 遗传学与分子生物学系 发育、分化与衰老 细胞增殖调控 神径、内分泌和免疫调控 致病基因和易感基因的鉴定和克隆 遗传学与分子生物学系  脑和神经生物学神经系统发育、信号传递：最富挑战性、最复 杂的问题之一。脑约有3万个基因处于表达状态 分子水平揭示脑的思维、记忆和学习等功能治疗精神病  遗传学与分子生物学系 基因诊断 特异性强、灵敏度高、简便快速。遗传病（优生优育）传染病(包括HIV) 现已发展到对一些常见病 (如糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化及精神分裂症等)的诊断，还应用于结核病、肝炎、传染病及恶性肿瘤的诊断及法医学鉴定。 主要限制是造成疾病的基因突变多样性，妨碍针对所有疾病进行分子诊断试验的设计。 遗传学与分子生物学系 基因诊断技术 PCR技术 核酸探针杂交技术 基因芯片(gene chip)技术 限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP) 单核苷酸多态性(SNP) 发展趋势 ：“自动化”、“程序化”、“非标记技术”和“多病种”等特色 。 遗传学与分子生物学系 基因治疗 1、基因替代(gene replacement) 2、基因修正(gene correction) 3、基因增强(gene augmentation) 4、基因抑制(gene constraint)和/或基因 失活(gene inactivation) 5、反义疗法 * 遗传学与分子生物学系 Molucular Biology Lu Shermin (吕社民) Tel:Email:lushemin@mail.xjtu.edu.cn 遗传学与分子生物学系 Lecture I: Introduction Of Molecular Biology Definition, Goal and Scope Fundamentals A brief history Methodology of Molecular Biology Role in Medical sciences prospective 遗传学与分子生物学系 Definition An elusive term, More than one definition Study life (biology) in molecular level Study gene structure and function at the  molecular level. Grew out of the disciplines of genetics and biochemistry. Hybrid discipline Biochemistry Genetics Molecular Biology Biophysics  遗传学与分子生物学系 Goal To understand the five basic cell behavior patterns (growth, division, specialization, movement, and interaction) in terms of various molecules that are responsible for them 遗传学与分子生物学系 Scope Structure and function of Nucleotides and protein Structure and function of genome Gene proliferation, expression, regulation and biological function Interaction between biological macromolecules In