工程力学专业英语2.pptVIP

专业英语 工程力学专业 科技英语翻译技巧（一） 词义引申 词义的引申: 指的是在一个词所具有的基本词义的基础上，进一步的加以引申，选择比较恰当的汉语词来表达，使原文的思想表现得更加准确，译文更加通顺流畅。 词义的引申主要有以下四种手段： 词义转译、 词义具体化、 词义抽象化、考虑词的搭配等。 1、词义转译 遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组，应根据上下文和逻辑关系引申转译 Like any precision machine, the lathe requires careful treatment. Solar energy seems to offer more hope than any other source of energy. 太阳能似乎比其它能源更有前途。（不译“提供更多希望”） 跟任何精密机床一样，车床也需要精心维护。（不译“待遇”） 二、词义具体化 有时应根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较笼统的词引申为词义较具体的词。 The purpose of a driller is to cut holes. 钻床的功能是钻孔。 A single-point cutting tool is used to cut threads on engine lathes. 普通车床是用单刃刀具来车螺纹的。 三、词义抽象化 把原文中词义较具体的词引申为词义较抽象的词，或把词义较形象的词引申为词义较一般的词。 The major contributors in component technology have been the semi-conductor components. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。 （不译“主要贡献者”） There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology. 我们要完全掌握集成电路，还必须经过三个阶段。 （不译“毕业于”） 四、词的搭配 遇到动词、形容词与名词搭配时，应根据汉语的搭配习惯，而不应受原文字面意义的束缚。 The iron ore used to make steel comes from open-pit and underground mines. 炼钢用的铁矿石来自露天开采的矿山和地下矿井。（不译“制造钢”） An insulator offers a very high resistance to the passage through which electric current goes. 绝缘体对电流通过有很大阻力。（不译“高阻力”） Lesson 2 Tensile Stress-strain Behavior Section 1 1. The relationship between stress and strain in a particular material is determined by means of a tensile test. A specimen of the material, usually in the form of a round bar, is placed in a testing machine and subjected to tension. The force on the bar and the elongation of the bar are measured as the load is increased. The stress in the bar is found by dividing the force by the cross-sectional area, and the strain is found by dividing the elongation by the length along which the elongation occurs. In this manner a complete stress-strain diagram can be obtained for the material. 完全的，完整的 拉伸测试可以用来确定材料的应力、应变关系。测试材料的试样通常选用圆柱形，将试样放置在测试机上，使其承受拉力。当载荷增加时，测量杆件所受的拉力以及杆件相应