粳稻新品种临稻16号的选育研究与应用效果.docVIP

粳稻新品种临稻16号的选育研究与应用效果 　　摘要：从育种目标、技术路线、选育原理和选育过程等方面总结了临稻16号粳稻育种实践、品种特征特性及产量表现。结果表明，以优质、高产、多抗、广适为育种目标，以理想株型与杂种优势利用相结合为重点，采用亲本改良、多元复交创造变异为手段，扩大和丰富遗传背景，应用多点异地生态选择、穿梭育种和系统选育等方法，合理选配亲本材料，塑造理想株型，优化产量构成因子，导入优质、抗病基因，研究选育出临稻16号粳稻新品种。多年实践证明，该品种表现高产、优质、多抗、广适的特点，适宜在鲁南、鲁西南及黄淮稻区作麦茬稻和夏直播稻推广种植。 　　关键词：粳稻；临稻16号；选育；应用效果 　　中图分类号：S511.2+2；S334 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）20-5177-04 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.20.003 　　Abstract： Breeding practices，characteristics and yield performance of japonica rice variety Lindao 16 were summarized in term of breeding objective，technical route，selection principle and breeding process. Results showed that with high yield，good quality，multiple resistance and wide adaptation as breeding objectives，with the combination of ideal plant type and advanced heterosis as emphasis，and with parents improvement and multi-composite crossing induced variations as means，we expanded and enriched the genetic background，and applied multi-location ecological selection at different locations，shuttle breeding and systematic breeding methods etc. Parent materials were reasonablely selected，ideal plant type was formed，yield components were optimised，and high quality and diseases resistance genes were incorporated into the new variety Lindao 16. It has been proved that this variety has the characteristics of high yield， good quality， multiple resistance and wide adaptation. It is suitable for wheat-rice and summer direct-seeding rice system in the south and southwest of Shandong province and Huanghuai rice areas. 　　Key words： japonica rice； Lindao 16； breeding； application effect 　　中??是世界水稻的生产和消费大国，中国60%的人口以大米为主食，水稻种植面积占世界水稻面积的20%左右，总产量占世界总产的33%左右，居世界第一位；同时中国又是主要的大米出口国之一[1]。山东属黄淮粳稻区，粳稻单产一般在550 kg/667 m2左右。临沂市常年种植水稻单产一般为550～600 kg/667 m2。是山东省第一大水稻种植市，在全省水稻生产中具有举足轻重的地位。大量的农业科研和生产实践表明，选育水稻新品种是提高水稻单产的有效途径。 　　多年来，沂南县水稻研究所课题组针对制约当地水稻生产发展的关键问题和技术瓶颈，根据本地特殊的气候条件，围绕丰、优、抗、早的育种目标，坚持引进利用和改造创新相结合，采用系统育种、杂交育种、物理辐射、化学诱变等多种方法，选育出了临稻16号等有重大影响的水稻新品种。特别是经过多年系统选育，育成抗条纹叶枯病的优质高产新品