z检验与t检验比较区别.pptVIP

Excel做方差不齐的t ‘检验 Excel做方差不齐的t ‘检验结果 SPSS计算方法 SPSS计算结果 方差不齐的结果读取 正态检验结果 The t Test formula One-sample t test Two independent samples t test Paired-sample t test t test When variances of the two samples are heterogeneous  Statistical Analysis control group mean treatment group mean Is there a difference? Slide downloaded from the Internet What does difference mean? medium variability high variability low variability The mean difference is the same for all three cases Slide downloaded from the Internet signal noise difference between group means variability of groups = §6. Two type error in hypothesis test假设检验中的两类错误 假设检验是针对H0，利用小概率事件的原理对总体参数做出统计推论。无论拒绝H0还是接受H0，都可能犯错误。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * SPSS计算方法 SPSS计算结果 差值的正态性检验(Analyze--Descriptive Statistics?Explore) P值0.05 W法与 D法 我国国标GB4882-85推荐方法，Shapiro-Wilk W法（1965年）适用于 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D法（？）适用于 小于3或大于1000怎么办？？ H0: 样本对应的总体服从正态分布 脂肪酸含量 编号 哥特里-罗紫法 脂肪酸水解法 差值 d 1 0.840 0.580 0.260 2 0.591 0.509 0.082 3 0.674 0.500 0.174 4 0.632 0.316 0.316 5 0.687 0.337 0.350 6 0.978 0.517 0.461 7 0.750 0.454 0.296 8 0.730 0.512 0.218 9 1.200 0.997 0.203 10 0.870 0.506 0.364 表 两种方法对乳酸饮料中的脂肪含量测量结果 H0：μd＝0 应用条件 两变量对子之差来自随机、独立的正态分布总体 Effect size(效应大小) How large is the effect (the difference)? Cohen’s d Squared correlation coefficient (r2) Effect size: Cohen’s d Cohen’s d:  Represents mean difference in standard deviation units Effect size: Cohen’s d Same guidelines for interpreting Cohen’s d Effect size d Small ? .20 Medium .20 – .80 Large ? .80 Percent of variance explained Symbol: r2 Effect size: r2 Effect size: r2 Same guidelines for interpreting r2 Effect size r2 Small .10 Medium .10 – .25 Large .25 §4. Two independent-samples t test 两独立样本t 检验 应用于： Experimental—treatment versus control实验研究 完全随机设计(completely random design) Existing groups—males versus females观察研究  Goal ：Assess whether the means of the populations that two different samples came from ar