刚热油泵运行故障分析与状态监测系统设计论文-.doc

热油泵运行故障分析与状态监测系统设计 摘 要 热油泵是炼油化工生产中不可缺少的流体输送机械。由于热油泵的传输介质均为温度较高的导热油，或与导热油物理性质相似的石油产品，其最高传输介质的温度可高达370℃，加之连续运行时间长，因此经常会出现各类故障，这些故障会对热油泵和装置的正常运行造成不同程度地影响，甚至会造成停车、高温高压等严重事故。建立一套在线自动监测系统，及时发现异常故障，并进行针对性的分析维修，保证泵具有长周期运行的可靠性、高效性、低能耗等性能，对确保装置长期平稳运行有重要意义。 本文以大型离心式热油泵为例，首先简要介绍离心油泵的结构、工作原理，并对热油泵运行过程中出现的典型故障如泵异常振动、汽蚀、不排液或排液中断、轴承发热、流量不足、泵严重泄漏等，加以分析总结；然后根据热油泵的实际运行状况，介绍了七种工程实际常用的传感器；之后重点阐释了振动信号常用的分析诊断方法；最后通过比较嵌入式系统、DCS、虚拟仪器、PLC加工控机、工控机加板卡五种计算机测试控制系统，选择基于PLC和工控机组合形式，设计热油泵状态监测系统。 关键词 热油泵,典型故障,传感器,状态监测,PLC Abstract Hot oil pump is one of fluid conveying machinery which is indispensable in the production of oil refining and chemical products. Since the transmission medium of hot oil pump is heat conduction oil of high temperature, or similar to heat conduction oil in physical properties, and the maximum transmission medium temperature can be as high as 370 ℃; besides, the continuous running time is long, therefore, many kinds of fault occur frequently, which will affect the normal operation of the heat pumps and units in different degrees, and even cause serious accidents such as parking, high temperature and high pressure, etc. In order to find minor failures timely and make targeted analysis maintenance, it is necessary to establish a set of on-line automatic condition monitoring system. Taking large centrifugal heat pumps as example, firstly this paper gives a brief introduction of centrifugal pump structure, working principle, and typical faults such as abnormal vibration, cavitation, failure to drain or drainage interrupt, bearing heating, insufficient flow, pump serious leaks, in the process of hot oil pump operation; Next according to the practical operation of hot oil pump conditions, describes seven kinds of commonly used sensors in engineering; Especially explains several diagnosis methods of vibration signal analysis. Finally by comparing five computer control system, like the embedded system, DCS, virtual instrument, PLC and industrial computer, industrial control boar