古迹东周列国志的数量词研究.docVIP

《东周列国志》的数量词研究 张穗敏 （湛江师范学院人文学院，湛江 524048） 摘要：本文是对《东周列国志》的数词、量词、数量词进行研究。虽然，该作品在文学上的价值、地位及其影响力不是最高的，但是它所用到的数词、量词、数量词的数目是十分庞大的。另外，该作品的作者冯梦龙是明代通俗文学家，他是生活在明清时期，即处在近古汉语的中、后期，这对我们研究近古代汉语有非常好的参考价值。本文是采用王力主张的“词类层级”的分类标准来划分词类的。先把词语按照能否表示概念的依据来区分实词和虚词，再以概念的种类为根据细分实词，从而得出数词、量词、数量词。研究发现这部作品的数词有10种，量词有8种，并且对我们进一步研究近古代汉语的中、后期的汉语语法形态，数词、量词、数量词的使用情况及其发展是非常有用的。 关键词：东周列国志；数词；量词；数量词 Study on the Numeral and Classifier Measure Words of Annals of the Kingdoms in the East Zhou Dynasty Zhang Sui-min （Humanities School, Zhanjiang Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China）Abstract: This paper describes the numeral and classifier of measure of Annals of the Kingdoms in the East Zhou Dynasty. Though the value position and influence of the opus is not the uppermost in litter, the number of it used numeral classifier and quantifier was quite colossal. Furthermore, some of the vocabulary is not use now. In addition, the author Feng Meng-long is a literator in Ming and Qing dynasty. He lived in the middle and latter of the close ancient Chinese period. So study his opus would help us to research Chinese. The paper was used the opinion of Wang Li’s about “part of speech level to distribute the word. So the paper picked out the empty word and substantive according to the word can or can’t denote the conception at first. Second, subdivided the substantive according to the kinds of conception. Thereby, picked out the numeral, classifier, quantifier and so on. The result showed that there are ten kind numeral and eight kind classifier. It would help us to know the development of the Chinese grammar shape in close ancient Chinese and know about the use situation of numeral, classifier, quantifier. Key?words: Annals of the Kingdoms in the East Zhou Dynasty; numeral; classifier; quantifier 我们通常说的那些词类（如，名词、动词、形容词、区别词之类）并不是一次就划分出来的。人们往往是先根据一定的标准把词分成几个大类，再根据某种标准，把已分出来的大类分成次级类，这些次级类还可以分成更小的类。①常见的是先把词分为实词、虚词两大类；再把实词分成体词、谓词、加词；再往下分，比如 ，又把谓词分为动词、形容词；动词又可以分为及物动词和不及物动词；及物动词又可以分为粘宾动词和非粘宾动词。这样层层划分，结果就构成了词类的层级体系。由于人