双坐标十字滑台数控编程.doc

学号14113500521 毕业论文 题目：双坐标十字滑台数控编程插补控制的实现 作 者 张 晖 届 别 201届 院 别 工程学院 专 业 指导教师 职 称 完成时间 2015年5月  摘要 本文主要研究双坐标十字滑台数控机床的直线插补与圆弧插补算法及外围电路的设计，完整的构建一个数控系统（包括软件与硬件的设计）。该系统以51单片机位核心，硬件部分：由单片机最小系统、按键模块、LCD1602显示模块、步进电机驱动模块、位置检测模块、报警模块所构成。该系统具有功耗低、可靠性高、体积小、人机界面友好等特点。软件部分：根据各自数据手册采用C51对各个模块编程，其中直线插补算法、圆弧插补算法采用绝对坐标与相对坐标坐标系结合分象限讨论的方法对逐点比较法分析，构造偏差函数、分析偏差、减小偏差进给、终点判断、偏差计算的循环来进行插补运算，绘制程序流程图然后用C51编程将计算出来的结果输出到步进电机驱动模块控制电机转动。用户界面：用户通过键盘输入数控指令，单片机自动判断输入参数是否正确如错误则重输入正确则执行相应指令驱动电机插补。 关键词：十字滑台； 直线插补； 圆弧插补； 步进电机； 数控编程 Abstract This paper studies the design of two-coordinate cross-slide CNC machine tools linear interpolation and circular interpolation algorithm and peripheral circuits. We build complete a numerical control system (including software and hardware design). The system of the core is 51-bit microcontroller. The hardware parts consist of the smallest single-chip system, the key module, the LCD1602 display module, the stepper motor drive module, the detecting position module, and alarm module. The system has low power consumption, high reliability, small size, friendly interface and other features. In terms of the software components, according to the respective data sheets for each module we use the C51 to code. the linear interpolation algorithm and circular interpolation algorithm use the absolute coordinate and relative coordinate to combine. We distinguish different quadrant to discuss point by point comparison method of analysis. The way of structural deviation function, analytical bias, reducing the bias feed, determining the end point and the deviation calculation cycle is to interpolation operation. We draw program of flow chat and then use the C51to programming .In the last, the calculated results output to the stepper motor drive module for controlling the motor to rotate. In respect of the user interface, the user by keyboard input CNC command and the microcontr