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Journal of Orthopaedic Translation (2016) 6, 34e41
Available online at
ScienceDirect
journal homepage: /jot
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Comparison of three approaches for
defining nucleus pulposus and annulus
fibrosus on sagittal magnetic resonance
images of the lumbar spine
Greta S.P. Mok a, Duo Zhang a, Shu-Zhong Chen b, Jing Yuan c,
James F. Griffith b, Yi Xiang J. Wang b,*
a Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
University of Macau, Macau Special Administrative Region
b Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital,
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
c Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley,
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Received 19 July 2015; received in revised form 8 February 2016; accepted 22 February 2016
Available online 22 April 2016
KEYWORDS Summary Objective: To compare three methods commonly used in the literature to define
annulus fibrosus; intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) on magnetic resonance
degeneration; (MR) images.
disc; Methods: Fifty-two patients (26 males and 26 females; age range, 23e76 years) were recruited
magnetic resonance for this study; they underwent standard T1/T2-weighted MR imaging, and T2 and T1rho map-
imaging; ping acquisitions. The corresponding midsagittal images were analysed and a total of 256 discs
nucleus pulposus; were evaluated, using three different region-of-interest (ROI) drawing methods: (1)
region of interest radiologist-guided manual ROI (M-ROI); (2) five
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