细胞生物学-廖军membrane traffic.pdfVIP

Membrane traffic Jun Liao ER is the most important 1. Bound with ribosomes 2. Produces most of the lipid for the rest of cell 3. Functions as a store for Ca2+ ions On average, the membrane-enclosed compartments together occupy nearly half the volume of a cell Necessity of internal membrane systems 1. Eukaryotic cells are normally 10-30 times larger in linear dimension and 1000-10,000 times greater in volume than a typical bacterium. 2. The eukaryotic cells has a much smaller ratio of surface area to volume, and its plasma membrane therefore has too small area to sustain many vital functions that membrane perform. 3. The extensive internal membrane systems of an eukaryotic cell alleviate this problem. One suggested pathway for the evolution of the eukaryotic cell and its internal membrane Three ways of transport between compartments Gated transport: proteins and RNA molecules move between the cytosol and the nucleus through nuclear pore complexes in the nuclear envelope. Including an internal stretches of amino acids. Protein translocation: transmembrane protein translocators directly transport specific protein across a membrane from the cytosol into a space that is topologically distinct (Eg. Mitochondirion, plastid). Including a N-terminal signal sequence of 15-60 residues long. Vesicular transport: membrane enclosed transport intermediates (eg. Vesicles or larger, irregularly shaped organelle fragments ferry proteins from one topologically equivalent compartment to another How GTP hydrolysis by Ran in the cytosol provides directionality to nuclear transport A signal sequence for mitochondrial protein import Protein import by mitochondria The role of energy in protein import into mitochondrial matrix space Translocation of chloroplast precursor proteins into the