拉冈论语言与言语的功能与场域.pdfVIP

拉岡論語言與言語的功能與場域 劉紀蕙 2008 年 11 月 20 日 I 空虛話語與實在話語 Empty speech and full speech Ecrits 206—215 ; 原文 248—259; 中譯本 256 中—269 拉岡如何區分空虛言語與實在言語？ “言語的空洞是什麼意思？透過詞語 中的空洞，主體的訴求是什麼？ 拉岡說，首先，這就是空洞本身的召喚，在主體曲意迎合他者之誘惑以及主 體豎立自戀式紀念碑之間曖昧裂隙的空洞處。 What, in fact, was the appeal the subject was making beyond the emptiness of his words [dire]? (Écrits 206; 原文 248; 中譯本 257) First and from the outset it was the call of emptiness itself, in the ambiguous gap of an attempted seduction of the other by means in which the subject manifests indulgence, and on which he stakes the monument of his narcissism. (Écrits 206; 原文 248; 中譯本 257) 為什麼是空洞？這個空洞涉及了獨白式的言語或是沒有對象的自由聯想 嗎？拉岡指出，這些言語其實牽涉了「工作」，working through ，durcharbeiten ， send across + work 。被驅動而工作，並且做到底。這個工作，也涉及了挫折、攻 擊性與退化。 1    為什麼是挫折？拉岡說，正是因為主體的工作所建構的形象正是想像的虛 構，而此虛構形象造成他自身的異化，使他永遠只能夠被當作是另外一人。自我 的本質就是挫折。不是主體欲望的受挫，而是作為客體，其欲望被異化、隔絕， 遠離自身。這個客體愈是發展完成，則主體愈遠離其基本的痛快享受。因此，這 個挫折是隔一層的挫折，縱使主體選取了最能夠符應他者要求的形象，他仍舊無 法從中獲得滿足，因為即使他與此自我形象達成了完美的相似度，滿足感仍舊是 他人的。 …he ends up recognizing that this being has ne3ver been anything more than his own construction [oeuvre] in the imaginary and that this construction undercuts all certainty in him……For in the work he does to reconstruct it for another , he encounters anew the fundamental alienation that made him construct it like another, and that has always destined it to be taken away from him by another. The ego … is frustration in its very essence. Not frustration of one of the subject’s desires, but frustration of an object in which his de