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Realism in American literature  1860-1900 Objectives for this lesson Origin of realism Characteristics of realism Definition of realism Introduction to Mark Twain Realism Transcendentalism Natural goodness The optimistic view of nature and man Benevolent God “Realism is nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material.” —William Dean Howells Background 1. American Civil War (1861-1865) 2. Rapid growth in industrialization 3. Closing frontier Golden Age=====?Gilded Age Characteristics of Realism Character: in their real complexity of temperament and motive. Class: middle class and lower class. 3. Theme: in avoidance of the sensational, dramatic elements of romances. 5. Diction: vernacular, not heightened or poetic; 6. Tone: comic, satiric, or matter-of- fact. 7. Presentation: objectivity Definition of realism Time: in the latter half of the 19th century An reaction against: the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism Concern for: the commonplace and the low Style: vernacular diction, rough and ready frontier humor “verisimilitude of detail derived from observation, the effort to approach the norm of experience—a reliance on the representative in plot, setting, and character, and to offer an objective rather than an idealized view of human nature and experience.” Representatives of Realism Different views on human being Topics for further discussion 1.Why did Mark Twain choose Mississippi River as the setting of The adventure of Huckleberry Finn? 2. How do you understand Finn’s adventure down the river with Jim? 3. What language features does the following excerpt hold? An Excerpt From Finn I took the sack of corn meal and took it to where the canoe was hid, and shoved the vines and branches apart and put it in; then I done the same with the side