庄子‘小大’思想研究.pdf

私立東吳大學中國文學系碩博士班 碩士論文 指導教授：劉文起 先生 莊子「小大」思想研究 The study of the small and the great from Chuang Tzu 研究生：高茂鈞 撰 民國一 ○四年六月 1 摘要 「小大」一詞，源自〈逍遙遊〉篇中「小大之辯」，該篇假託鵬鳩寓言，其 以鵬鳥高飛，上達九萬，學鳩振翅，未過榆枋 ，闡釋「小不及大」旨意。然則莊 子行文洸洋自恣，氣象恢宏，暢言「小大」豈為辨證優劣？探其思想，實是借小 大為題，統攝書中各類對比，舉凡自然物理之形體巨細，資賦高低，人世價值之 地位尊卑，智識聰愚，德行多寡，透過辨析世間事物，分立其中優劣勝敗，進而 泯除俗世價值，最終遣化小大臻於逍遙化境。 本文爬梳《莊子》全書「小」、「大」之相關論述，析論莊子筆法之特色、行 文之目的，詮釋其中義理，建構此思想之完整架構，依序探究實踐之工夫。全文 概分五章，首章緒論，旨在闡發「小大」思想之獨特性及研究之價值，暨說明研 究之目的與方法。第貳章以〈逍遙遊〉為主體，論述其中含括「小大」之內涵與 歷來「小大之辯」之解讀。第參章為《莊子》小、大二字使用綜說，以其運用頻 繁、小大對舉、意涵豐富，彰顯二字於全書特殊之地位。第肆章藉由外在形體與 內在知德之詮釋，探討《莊子》書中對於事物之界分與範疇，並以道體角度重塑 小大定位。第伍章剖析「小大」思想之層次，暨以「分辨小大以知所優劣」、「泯 除小大而均齊萬物」、「遣化小大至逍遙無待」為實踐之歷程。終章結論，則為全 文之回顧，援此說明立小大以至破小大之進程，是而泯除萬物界分，同於大通， 領悟逍遙真義。 關鍵字：小大、小大之辯、逍遙 1 Abstract “The small and the great” is referring to “this shows the difference between the small and the great, comes from “Enjoyment in Untroubled Ease.” This fable is about the peng and the little dove. The peng can fly nine miles high in sky. However, the little dove can’t fly high to surpass elms and sapanwood trees. That indicates the complacent small can’t be greater than the humble great. Chuang Tzu ’s articles are capricious and preposterous. Could it be to compare the pros and cons when he set up the proposition “the small and the great?” According to the theme, we study the Chuang Tzu’s thought. We conclude versatile contrariness mentioned in his literature, including the appearance, inherent aptitude, the personal value in social status, the sophistication and the morality of a person. By experiencing the life thoroughly, the goodness can be distinguished from the weakness. The