庄子 道家思想 英文ppt简介.ppt

And the School of the Tao Zhuangzi (莊子,莊is the surname, 子 is the polite saying of a man) lived and taught around 350 BC. He was a Taoist philosopher who wrote a book which is also called Zhuangzi (book). The Zhuangzi tells a story about two ministers who ask Zhuangzi to serve as a court official. Zhuangzi replies with a story about a sacred turtle. He says, The kings men caught a sacred turtle. They killed it and put its shell in a special box to use to tell the future. Now would that turtle rather be honored in that box and dead, or would he rather be alive dragging his tail through the mud? Ch. 1 – 7 (the “inner chapters” 內篇): can be dated to the 4th century BCE Ch. 8 – 10: essays by an individual who was strongly influenced by the Laozi Ch. 11-15, 33: independent essays by Han scholars Ch. 16-22: writings of later followers of Zhuangzi, early Han 1. Xiao yao you 逍遙遊 Free and Easy Wandering -- soaring above conventional judgments practical concerns 2. Qi wu lun 齊物論 The Sorting which Evens Things Out -- attacks on logic, analysis, distinction, naming 3. Yang sheng zhu 養生主 What Matters in the Nurture of Life -- the knack of living spontaneously 4. Ren jian shi 人間世 The World of Human Affairs -- the advantages of being useless 5. De chong fu 德充符 Seals of Virtue Complete -- independence from human affairs indifference to hardship 6. Da zong shi 大宗師 The Teacher who is the Ultimate Ancestor -- reconciliation with death 7. Ying di wang 應帝王 Responding to Emperors and Kings -- rejection of government, profit, and self-aggrandizement The Relativity of Language and Perspective Intuition Taoism It emphasizes control but not dominance, fluidity but not ambivalence, and mystery but not confusion. It’s full of helpful suggestion.” Differences in principles and beliefs Principles of Taoism Tao De , Wu wei .  Principles of Confucianism Relationships, Loyalty, Humanity, The Ge