土木工程专业英语陈瑛4.6.Slab.pptVIP

4.6 Slab If the ratio of length to width of the slab panel is greater than 2, most of the load is carried in the short direction to the supporting beams and one way action is obtained in effect, even though supports are provided on all sides. When a rectangular slab is supported on all the sides and the length-to-width ratio (L/B) is less than two, it is considered as a two-way slab. Design of One-Way Slab Design of One-Way Slab If the ratio of length to width of the slab panel is greater than 2, most of the load is carried in the short direction to the supporting beams and one way action is obtained One-Way Slab Reinforcement Main reinforcement Used to resist moment Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement Used to prevent cracking due to contraction of the concrete resulting from shrinkage and temperature changes Temperature and Shrinkage Reinforcement Slabs and other members are jointed rigidly to other parts of the structure and cannot contract freely. This results in tension stresses known as shrinkage stresses. Since concrete is weak in tension, these temperature and shrinkage stresses are likely to result in cracking. Temperature and Shrinkage Reinforcement One-Way Slab Design Two-Way Slab Two-way slabs bend into a dished surface rather than a cylindrical one when loaded. This means that at any point the slab is curved in both principle directions, and since bending moments are proportional to curvatures, moments also exist in both directions. To resist bending moments, the slab must be reinforced in both directions, by at least two layers of bars perpendicular, respectively, to two pairs of edges. Two-Way Slab The slab must be designed to take a proportionate share of the load in each direction. Because the moments in the long direction are the smaller ones, it is economical to place the steel in that direction on top of the bars in the short direction. The stacking problem doses not exist for negative reinforcement perpendicular to the supporting