基础英语写作双色印刷课件作者王辉第七章节应试写作.ppt

第七章 应试写作（English Writing in Testing 第一节 应试作文的种类 （Types of Writing in Testing） 一、按出题形式分： 1、段首句作文 2、提纲作文 3、情景作文/图画作文 4、图表作文 1、段首句作文 根据所给句子的逻辑关系，段首句作文大致分为四种类型： （1）并列式 （2）递进式 （3）对比式 （4）分总式 （1）并列式 每段所给的段首句在文章中是平 行关系，它们分别从不同的方面或 者角度对题目进行阐述。 in the first place/second place…”“Firstly/secondly/ thirdly… Bicycles ① Bicycles are the most common transportation tools for Chinese people. ② The purposes bicycles serve for depend on how good the transportation system is in a particular place. ③ One important reason underlying the popularity of bicycles is the comparatively low price. （2）递进式 每段所给的段首句是层层深 入、逐步深化主题的关系。从意 义上说，每一段都是对上一段的 深化和拔高。 On Reading Classics ① Reading classics is a good way to enjoy oneself. ② Reading classics is good for language learning. ③ Reading classics is important to self-cultivation. （3）对比式 即每段所给的段首句分别代 表了截然不同的观点。应试作文 中，通常是前面两个句子是两个 相反的观点，第三个句子要求考 生写出自己的看法。这种对比模 式是并列式的一种，但是意义、 态度和语言表达都有非常鲜明的 特点。 Numbers and Luck ① Some people believe that good numbers can bring good luck. ② Other people think good numbers are not necessarily connected with good luck. ③ My idea is that… （4）分总式 即前面两个段首句是分论点， 最后一个是总结。分总式与并列式 的差别在于最后一个段落是否是对 前者的总结概括。 Sports 1 Many people participate in sports for the purpose of relaxation. ② There are also many people who enjoy sporting events, but they prefer to be spectators because watching sporting events makes them excited. ③ In conclusion, sports is popular among people because it provides interesting and wonderful games that make people less nervous than they are when they are at work. 常用连接词 表示递进的连接词：moreover, likewise, furthermore, in addition等。 表示对照的连接词：still, yet, on the other hand, it must be admitted, on the contrary 等。 表示因果关系的连接词：therefore, hence, accordingly, then, for this reason, as a result, it follows that, consequently 等。 表示让步的连接词：if, though, unless, except, even if, doubtless, it is to be admitted 等。 表示选择的连接词：either… or, neither…nor, whether…or 等。 2、提纲作文 考试中给出作文题目，并给出英语或汉语提纲（out