基因7 笔记.docVIP

基因7 笔记整理 发信人: smilesun (快乐之点), 信区: LifeScience 标 题: 基因 VII 笔记整理版（借用本版，交流一下，斑竹勿删 发信站: 瀚海星云 (Tue Jul 1 01:53:15 ） 第一节 基因是DNA 一. 遗传学发展的重耍阶段? 这些发现的科学证据? 二. 遗传物质的转移机制有何不同? Transformation; Transduction; Transfection ; Conjugati Transformation:转化，裸露的DNA分子或者片断，进入受体细胞，发生基因重组 Transduction：转导 通过病毒和噬菌体为载体将DNA片断携带入受体细胞 Transfection ：转染 裸露的DNA分子进入真核细胞 Conjugati：细菌通过相互接触，转移遗传物质。E.coli 三. 基因的DNA全序列上发生突变的频率是相同的吗? What happens when we isolate a large number of independent mutations in the sa me gene? Many mutants are obtained. Each is the result of an individual mutati onal event. Then the site of each mutation is determined. Most mutations will lie at different sites, but some will lie at the same position. Two independen tly isolated mutations at the same site may constitute exactly the same change in DNA (in which case the same mutational event has happened on more than one occasion), or they may constitute different changes (three different point mu tations are possible at each base pair). 不一样，存在着突变的hotspots 四. 顺反子测定的分子机理? 互补群 ? 同一个不连续基因中的外显子(或内含子)发生的突变能否互补? 外显子发生的突变不行：内含子发生的突变可以 五. 遗传位点,基因,等位子的关系?ABO血型分子基础? null 突变? Null mutation completely eliminates the function of a gene, usually because it has been physically deleted 六. 顺式作用位点和反式作用分子? A chromosome consists of an uninterrupted length of duplex DNA that contains m any genes. Each gene (or cistron) is transcribed into an RNA product, which in turn is translated into a polypeptide sequence if the gene codes for protein. An RNA or protein product of a gene is said to be trans-acting. A gene is def ined as a unit on a single stretch of DNA by the complementation test. A site on DNA that regulates the activity of an adjacent gene is said to be cis-actin g. 七. 外显子DNA序列均对应于蛋白质序列? 可否用DNA杂交法比较外显子和内含子在进化中的保守性? 如何证明你得到的DNA片段中有外显子? 不连续基因是通过阻酗入与DNA条交试验而发现。助于杂交结果，可以用电子墨微绕直接观 察(图2—24)，所形成的RNA-DNA杂交取链较粗，而在杂合双链的某一部位有个突出的单链 环，过就是DNA分于上介入序列。电子显微镜只能分辨50——100bP，小于50bp的介入序列 一般不容观察到． 另一种分朽方法是所谓“Berk-Sharp制图法”，又称“s1核酸酶制团法”。其原理