主要环境因素对油茶成花的影响-热带亚热带植物学报.pdfVIP

热带亚热带植物学报　2015 ，23(2) ：2 11 ~ 2 17 Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 主要环境因素对油茶成花的影响 * 胡玉玲, 姚小华, 任华东, 王开良, 曹永庆 (中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所，浙江 富阳 311400) 摘要： 为探究影响油茶(Camellia oleifera)成花的关键环境 因素 ，以‘长林 4 号 ’为材料 ，对油茶成花过程 的相关生理生化指标进 行研究 。结果表 明，在不 同环境 因素下 ，花芽分化期(5 月 19 日)的老叶、新 叶及茎 中的可溶性蛋 白、可溶性糖和生长调节剂(生 长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素和脱落酸)含量差异显著 ，但与油茶能否开花没有相关性 。氮素处理 的油茶芽发育最为饱满 、生长较 快 ，开花时间也最早 ；光照和生长调节剂处理(除赤霉素外)的油茶都不开花 ；热及钾处理 的油茶末花期 明显推迟 ；养分(氮磷钾) 处理的油茶成花率较高 ，其次是水热处理 。可见 良好 的水肥热条件有利于油茶开花 ，施用生长素和细胞分裂素抑制油茶开花。 关键词： 油茶 ；环境 因素 ；生理生化 ；成花 ；花期 doi: 10.11926/j .issn.1005–3395.2015.02.014 Effects of Main Environment Factors on Flowering in Camellia oleifera * HU Yu-lin, YAO Xiao-hua , REN Hua-dong, WANG Kai-liang, CAO Yong-qing (Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China) Abstract: In order to understand the key environment factors on flowering of Camellia oleifera, the physical and biochemical indexes in flowering process of C. oleifera ‘Changlin 4’ were studied. The results showed that under different environments, the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and growth regulators, including auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin and abscisic acid, in old leaves, new leaves and stems had significant differences in flower bud differentiation period (May 19), but had no direct relations with flowering. The buds were full and growth was fast, and flowering time was early too under N treatment. The light and growth regulators, except of GA, cannot promote C. oleifera blossoming. The flowering rate was the highest under nutrient treatments, and then was under water and heat treatments, but under hot and K treatments, the end stage of flowering significantly delayed. Therefore, the suitable conditions, such as heat, nutrient and water, are in favour of blossom in C. oleifera, but auxin and cytokinin inhibit its blossom. Key words: Camellia oleifera; Environmental factor; Phy