纤毛虫两型核之间的基因组重组.PDFVIP

第27卷第4期 生命科学 Vol. 27, No. 4 2015年4月 Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences Apr., 2015 DOI: 10.13376/j.cbls/2015063 文章编号：1004-0374(2015)04-0486-09 纤毛虫两型核之间的基因组重组 郑维波，高　凤* ( 中国海洋大学海洋生物多样性与进化研究所原生动物学研究室，青岛266003) 摘　要 ：纤毛虫原生动物是一大类结构高度特化、多样性极高的单细胞真核生物。该类群的主要特征是具 有高度分化的细胞器、分司不同功能( 负责生殖的小核和营养的大核) 的两型细胞核以及特有的接合生殖 方式。纤毛虫独特的两型核结构为有性生殖过程中全基因组范围的DNA 重组提供了可能：包括染色体的 断裂、序列的删除、基因组的重排、染色体多倍化等。新近的研究显示，这一过程由RNA 介导的表观遗 传学控制。现就纤毛虫的基因组重组过程及其RNA 相关的分子机理进行概述，并简要介绍作为其基础的 大小核结构特点和有性生殖行为。 关键词：纤毛虫；两型核；接合生殖；基因组重组；基因乱序；选择性拼接；内部删除序列；大核命运序列 Q959.111 A 中图分类号： 文献标志码： Genome rearrangements between the dimorphic nuclei in ciliates ZHENG Wei-Bo, GAO Feng* (Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China) Abstract: Ciliated protozoans (ciliates) are the most morphologically complex, highly differentiated and widespread taxon among unicellular eukaryotic organisms. Ciliates are characterized by their complicated organelles and cytoskeleton structures, special nuclear dimorphism, and unique sexual reproduction (conjugation). The dual genomes (germline micronucleus and somatic macronucleus) provide possibilities for genome-wide DNA rearrangements during the development of the macronuclear genome in the process of sexual reproduction, including fragmentation, elimination of internal excised sequences, genome unscrambling, amplification, etc. Recent researches reveal that these processes are manipulated by RNA-mediated epigenetics. In this paper, we introduce the structu