英汉基础翻译要点—第五章_定语从句译法.pptVIP

三、英汉基础翻译要点 第五章 定语从句的译法 5.1 译成前置定语 一般说来，限制性的定语从句可提前译成定语。还有一些定语从句，虽然不明显地带有限定性质，但本身较短，和被修饰语关系紧密，也可译为前置定语。如： 例1．To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. 诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业机会。 例2. In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. 可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方。 如以上例句所示，这种译法最适于翻译较短的限定性定语从句。有时较长的也可采用这种译法，以使修饰关系清晰，句子结构紧凑。 如： 例1．This practice book is intended for foreign engineers or students of engineering who have already mastered the elements of English, and who now want to use their knowledge of the language to read books on their subjects. 这本练习课本是给那些已经掌握了英语基础知识而现在要利用学到的语言知识来阅读专业书籍的外国工程师或学习工程学的学生用的。 5.2 译成后置的并列分句 A．一些结构较复杂，或者意思上又较强的独立性的限定性定语从句，通常可译为后置的并列分句。采取这种译法往往要重复关系代词所代替的词，有时可在这词之前加指示词“这”、“这些”等，以使译文明确。如： 例1．But world attention also is focusing on another step, which will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit. 同时，人们也正把注意力集中在另一项措施上，这项措施将使吸烟者越来越意识到自己的不良习惯并为之感到不安。 例2．I was endeavoring to put off one sort of life for another sort of life, which was not better than the life I had known. 我一直在竭力摆脱一种生活，改换另一种生活，但是我所改换的生活并不见得比我原先的生活好。 B. 非限定性定语从句与先行词的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词加以说明，描述或解释，或对整个语句所陈述的事实或现象加以总结概括、补充说明。在汉译时，一般译为后置的并列分句。如： 例1．In English, attributive clauses are used extensively, some of which are very long and complicated in structure. 在英语中，定语从句的运用极为广泛，有的从句很长而且结构复杂。 例2．These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up in America. 这些书是我在美国买的，它们在我的藏书中只占一小部分。 5.3 溶合译法 溶合译法是指把主句与定语从句结合起来译,使之溶合成一个独立的句子。如： 例1．You are the only person who could do it. 只有你才能做这事。 例2．This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss. 这是我第一次和老板发生严重纠葛。 英语中含有定语从句 “there be….” 的结构汉译时常常使用溶合译法。如： 例3．There is nothing that does not contain contradiction. 没有什么事是不包含矛盾的。 例4．There was little that the doctor could do for the patient. 医生对这个病人无能为力。 5.4 译成状语 英语中有些定语从句在内