先进的车辆高速公路系统和城市交通问题OTA项目人员的总结.docVIP

外文文献资料 ADVANCED VEHICLE/HIGHWAY SYSTEMS AND URBAN TRAFFIC PROBLEMS OTA PROJECT STAFF SUMMARY Traffic congestion plagues every major urban area in the country, costing millions of dollars annually in lost time from delays and contributing to serious air quality problems. While many approaches to these issues have been tried - including building more roads, creating high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, and promoting car pooling and public transportation -none has achieved more than modest success. Advanced Vehicle/Highway Systems (AVHS), an umbrella term for several interdependent vehicle and road technologies, offer potential for reducing congestion and the air pollution it engenders, and for improving highway safety. The term AVHS includes technologies for: automatic vehicle identification and billing; weighing vehicles in motion; collision warning and avoidance; driver information and route guidance advanced traffic operations control and optimization; and automatic vehicle control - both steering and headway. OTA concludes that AVHS technologies now available can increase roadway efficiency and throughput by 10 to 20 percent, make travel time more predictable, improve safety, and cut down harmful emissions, although by themselves they cannot solve our urban traffic problems. If road capacity is increased and road travel made more desirable, more motorists can be expected to take to the roads, counteracting some reductions in congestion. If even moderate success is to be achieved in combating these issues in the near term, other strategies, such as car pooling, HOV lanes, use of alternative fuels, congestion pricing, and other forms of transportation systems management must also be pursued aggressively. However, emerging AVHS pose no conflicts with other traffic management strategies, can be used in conjunction with them, and indeed, may facilitate certain aspects. These multiple benefits from AVHS argue for the immediate further development of AVHS and greater inve