Reading_Model 阅读模式.pptVIP

Reading Model Top-down Reading Model Definition : a top-down reading model is a reading model that emphasizes what the reader brings to the text says reading is driven by meaning, and proceeds from whole to part. Features Here are some features of a top-down approach to reading (Gove 1983): Readers can comprehend a selection even though they do not recognize each word. Readers should use meaning and grammatical cues to identify unrecognized words. Reading for meaning is the primary objective of reading rather than mastery of letters, letter/sound relationships, and words. Reading requires the use of meaning activities rather than the mastery of a series of word-recognition skills. The primary focus of instruction should be the reading of sentences, paragraphs, and whole selections. The most important aspect about reading is the amount and kind of information gained through reading. Bottom-up Reading Model Definition : a bottom-up reading model is a reading model that emphasizes the written or printed text says reading is driven by a process that results in meaning (or, in other words, reading is driven by text), and proceeds from part to whole. Features Here are some features of a bottom-up approach to reading: Bottom-up advocates believe the reader needs to identify letter features link these features to recognize letters combine letters to recognize spelling patterns link spelling patterns to recognize words, and then proceed to sentence, paragraph and text-level processing. Interactive Reading Model Definition : an interactive reading model is a reading model that recognizes the interaction of bottom-up and top-down processes simultaneously throughout the reading process. Features An interactive reading model attempts to combine the valid insights of bottom-up and top-down models. It attempts to take into account the strong points of the bottom-up and top-down models, and tries to avoid the criticisms leveled against each, making it one of the