国际经济学作业答案-第三章.doc

Chapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage —The Ricardian Model (Multiple Choice Questions 1. Countries trade with each other because they are _______ and because of ______. (a) different, costs (b) similar, scale economies (c) different, scale economies (d) similar, costs (e) None of the above. Answer: C 2. Trade between two countries can benefit both countries if (a) each country exports that good in which it has a comparative advantage. (b) each country enjoys superior terms of trade. (c) each country has a more elastic demand for the imported goods. (d) each country has a more elastic supply for the supplied goods. (e) Both (c) and (d). Answer: A 3. The Ricardian theory of comparative advantage states that a country has a comparative advantagein widgets if (a) output per worker of widgets is higher in that country. (b) that country’s exchange rate is low. (c) wage rates in that country are high. (d) the output per worker of widgets as compared to the output of some other product is higher in that country. (e) Both (b) and (c). Answer: D 4. In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in the production of one particular product we need information on at least ____unit labor requirements (a) one (b) two (c) three (d) four (e) five Answer: D 5. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because it (a) is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively. (b) is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically. (c) is producing exports using fewer labor units. (d) is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units. (e) None of the above. Answer: B 6. Given the following information: Unit Labor Requirements Cloth Widgets Home 10 20 Foreign 60 30 (a) Neither country has a comparative advantage. (b) Home has a comparative advantage in cloth. (c) Foreign has a comparative advantage in cloth. (d) Home has a comparative adva