高中英语虚拟语气(Subjunctive)语法讲稿.ppt

虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中)；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 虚拟语气的概念 if引导的虚拟条件句 一、在if条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。 虚拟语气在 在if非真实条件句中 从句 主句 与现在 事实相反 If+主语+动词过去式（be动词用were） 主语+Would / could / might /should +动词原形 与过去 事实相反 If+主语+动词过去完成式 主语+Would/could /might /should + have+过去分词 与将来 事实相反 ①if+主语+动词过去式 ②if+主语+were to+动原 ③if+主语+should+动原 主语+Would / could / might /should +动词原形 虚拟语气 [例句] 1.If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。 (与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你) 2.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。 (与过去事实相反) 3.If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。 (与将来事实可能相反) 虚拟语气在 在if非真实条件句中 当条件从句与结果主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应当做相应的调整 1)if you had followed my advice yesterday, you would be better now. 2)If the doctor had come sooner last night, Tom would be alive now. 3)If he had taken the medicine yesterday, he would be fine now. (从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反) 在if非真实条件句中 混合型的虚拟语气 倒装的If虚拟句 如果if 从句中有were, should 或者had ，可以省略if,而把这些词放在主语前面构成倒装。 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 3. If it should rain, I would stay at home. = Had you come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. = Were it sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. = Should it rain, I would stay at home. If条件句中虚拟语气中的倒装结构 如果条件句为否定句，not 应该放在主语后不 能与were, had(助动词),和should连写放在句首. If I were not busy, I would go with you. = Were I not busy, I would go with you. 含蓄条件句 含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 有些句子中，没有表示虚拟语气的词，但是根据前后句意，要使用虚拟语气。 You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. Five minutes earlier and you could have met her at the station. Given more time, he could have done it better. I should have visited you yesterday, but I was busy. The tree died, I should have watered it. Everything taken into consideration(=if everything had been taken into consideration), they would have raised their output quickly. 副