优秀毕业论文-企业价格竞争行为的博弈分析.doc

本科毕业论文 “囚徒”如何走出困境 ——企业价格竞争行为的博弈分析 内 容 摘 要 博弈论改变了传统经济分析的那种以个人孤立策略为基础的分析方法，而侧重于经济活动中多个利益主体的行为所产生的相互作用和影响的分析。博弈论无疑是分析企业降价行为的一种很好的工具。降价行为是市场规律作用下企业最大化自身利益的必然行为，而过度的价格竞争往往把企业拖入囚徒困境。本文从伯特兰德模型出发论述了囚徒困境产生的必然原因，进而运用博弈模型分析了企业在价格竞争中降价竞争的可行性，以及企业之间如何去选择对策，揭示了价格竞争的利弊。囚徒困境反映的是一个很深刻的理性问题，即个体理性与集体理性的矛盾。那么如何去调和这两者之间的矛盾呢？本文试图从边际成本差异、独立决策模式、串谋价格决策模式、在重复博弈中实现合作以及建立战略联盟等角度对价格竞争机制进行改进。 关键词：囚徒困境 边际成本 最优策略 非价格策略 战略联盟 Abstract The game theory has changed the traditional economy analytical method that base on personal isolated strategy, but lays particular emphasis on the analysis of the interaction and influence of the several behavior of benefits corpus in economic activities. Doubtless, the game theory is a kind of good tool to analyze enterprise reducing its price. The behavior of reducing price is inevitable selection of maximizing the self interest under the market regulation function, but the excessive price competition usually drags along the business enterprise into the prisoner predicament. This text sets out from Bertrand model to discuss the inevitable reason of the prisoner predicament, then use the game model to analyzes the possibility that the business enterprise reducing its price in price competition, and the business enterprise how to choose the counterplans, then clarify the gains and losses of the price competition. What the prisoner predicament reflects is a very deep reasonableness problem, namely the antinomy between individual reasonableness and collective reasonableness. So how to temper the antinomy? his text tries from the angle of marginal cost difference、independent decision mode、collaborates price decision mode、carries out cooperation in repeat the game and builds up the strategic alliance etc to improvement the price competition mechanism. Key words: Counterplan Marginal Cost Superior Strategy Non-price Strategy Strategic Alliance  目 录 一、文献回顾……………………………………………………………………………………………1 二、囚徒困境的产生……………………………………………………………………………………