普通碳素钢的淬火与回火英文翻译.docVIP

Hardening and Tempering of Plain Carbon Steel Plain carbon steel has been valued from early time because of certain properties. this soft silver-gray metal could be converted into a superhard substance that would cut glass and many other substances，including itself when soft. Furthermore，its hardness could be controlled. This converting of carbon steel into a steel of useful hardness is done with different heat treatments，two of the most important of which are hardening and tempering (drawing)，what’s the plain carbon steel and which you will investigate in this lesson. Plain Carbon Steel In simple terms，a plain carbon steel may be said to be an alloy of iron and carbon containing less than 1.7% carbon. In practice，however，these steels rarely contain more than about 1.4% carbon and other elements are also present，either as deliberate additions(e.g. manganese) or as impurities(e.g. sulphur and phosphorus). Plain carbon steels may be classified into three main groups: 1. Low carbon steel (mild steel) containing less than 0.3% carbon. 2. Medium carbon steel containing 0.3% to 0.6% carbon. 3. High carbon steel containing 0.6% to 1.4% carbon. Low carbon steel Low carbon steels may be sub-divided into: 1. Dead mild steel containing 0.05% to 0.10% carbon In the manufacture of this material，complete deoxidation is not carried out and it is made as rimming steel. It is produced as hot and cold worked sheet，strip，rod，wire and tube，and is available in the hot-worked or process annealed condition for the deep drawing of sheet，but the strength is low. This type of steel is used for the manufacture of motorcar bodies，refrigerators，washing machines，office furniture，pressings，rivets and nails. 2.Carburising steels containing 0.1% to 0.2% carbon The strength and hardness of these steels is low，but a hard surface can be obtained by carburizing in order to combine a wear-resistant surface with tough core properties. The ductility makes rapid machining difficult unless the Mn and S cont